The Debt Crisis of Nigeria and Greece - 5186 Words

The debt crisis of Nigeria and Greece Introduction National debt is a problem that can inflict any country including the developed countries. Almost all countries go into budget deficit one way or the other and end up borrowing money. The most direct effect of the government debt is to place a burden on future generations of taxpayers. When these debts and accumulated interest come due, future taxpayers will face a difficult choice. Inheriting such a large debt cannot help but lower the living standard of future generations. In the 1960s and 1970 some developing countries were encouraged to borrow money to service old debts and also to finance development projects in their country like infrastructure. This has been necessitated by the†¦show more content†¦Due to this fact of rising poverty levels, the UNDP Human Development assessment reported that infant mortality per 1000 live births was as high as 112. Life expectancy was 50.1 year. About 43% of Nigerians lack access to safe drinking water and 37% of Nigerians lack access to sanitation; 40% lack access to public health and the gross enrolment ratio for combined primary, secondary and tertiary education was 43%, 37% for females and 48% for males (http://www.antiessays.com). It may be necessary to give a brief history of politics in Nigeria. On October 1, 1960, Nigeria gained its independence from the United Kingdom. Newly independent, Nigerias government was a coalition of conservative parties. The disequilibrium and perceived corruption of the electoral and political process led in 1966 to several back-to-back military coups. By May 1967, the Eastern Region had declared itself an independent state called the Republic of Biafra under the leadership of Lt Colonel Emeka Ojukwu in line with the wishes of the people. During the oil boom of the 1970s, Nigeria joined OPEC, and billions of dollars generated by production in the oil-rich Niger Delta flowed into the coffers of the Nigerian state. The northern military cliqueShow MoreRelatedCorruption Of The Silent Killer Essay1533 Words   |  7 PagesAnd corrupt practices did not begin today; the history is as old as the world. Ancient civilizations have traces of widespread illegality and corruption. Thus, co rruption has been ubiquitous in complex societies from ancient Egypt, Israel, Rome, and Greece down to the present (African economic analysis), but why choose corruption, something so diminishing to the nations economy, tarnishing to the nations name. People rise up today and say that there is a reason for corruption. They believe it is theRead MoreWhy Nigeria Should Be Able For Build A Prosperous Economy2438 Words   |  10 PagesNigeria has a current GDP of 568.5 billion and a population of 178.5 million. It is the largest country in Africa with approximately 47% of West Africa’s population. It is the main oil exporter in the continent, has around 44 solid minerals in commercial quantity, and is a leading global player in a variety of commodities. Neoclassical Exogenous Growth theory argues that technology enables persistent increase in growth rate. Neoclassical Endogenous Growth argues growth comes by investing in key areasRead MoreGermany Market : The Market For Growth Expansion1307 Words   |  6 Pagesthan the Nigeria currency this means more money will be brought into the country which makes it a good business location for Bel Implex. Nevertheless, from the indicators of business environment in 2014 Germany in the 21th position at of 189 in the business rank for firms who is seeking to have international presence (euro monitor 2014).Germany is the most populous state of west and central Europe which is also an opportunity for Bel implex.Germans have investment treaties with Nigeria as a sovereignRead MoreLibrary Information / Literacy Project : Human Trafficking And Slavery1117 Words   |  5 Pageschild labor in America does not going to solve the global crisis affecting millions men and women; the best alternative solution for this will be an international presidential committee to create a campaign to destroy this inhumane crime and illicit trade across the world. Background: According to the article, human trafficking is an ancient practice because Slavery certainly existed in ancient civilization in Mesopotamia and ancient Greece, China, India, Africa and pre-Columbian American. TheRead MorePolitical Risk Analysis - Portugal6520 Words   |  27 PagesDevelopment of Imports amp; Exports†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 17 4.2 Major Trading Partners†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 19 4.3 International Trade Products†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 20 4.4 Currency†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 21 4.5 External Debt†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 22 4.6 IMF’s Attitudes†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 23 4.7 Developments of IMF, EU, Portugal amp; Reform Plans†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 25 4.8 Payment Morale†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 26 4.9 Legal decisionsRead MoreEuropean Colonialism: Civilizations Ruined1491 Words   |  6 PagesEuropean Colonialism has been around since the late 15th century and their model for colonialism will exist for many years to come. 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Reference Guide for Pharmacy Technician Exam Essay

Reference Guide for Pharmacy Technician Exam Krisman REFERENCE GUIDE FOR PHARMACY TECHNICIAN EXAM EDITION 2014-2015 (Covers an updated 2013-PTCB Blue Print) MANAN SHROFF www.pharmacyexam.com 1 Reference Guide for Pharmacy Technician Exam Krisman This reference guide is not intended as a substitute for the advice of a physician. Students or readers must consult their physicians about any existing problem. Do not use any information in this reference guide for any kind of self treatment. Do not administer any dose of mentioned drugs in this reference guide without consulting your physician. This is only a review guide for preparation for the pharmacy technician board exam. The author of this reference guide†¦show more content†¦Thrombocytopenia: A low platelets count in blood. Ventricular arrhythmia: Irregular movements of left ventricles of the heart. 2-ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENTS M/A: This class of agents is indicated for the treatment of an irregular heart rhythm. 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What is a PT/INR test, and what are the expected levels for K.N.? What is the purpose of the INR? PT stands for â€Å"prothrombin time† and is used to monitor the adequacy of warfarin therapy. 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The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald - 1223 Words

In the beginning of the novel, Gatsby was recognized as a visionary who was charismatic, courteous, and very secretive. Once the plot began to unravel, the audience yearns for additional and further demand an explanation of the unidentified lifestyle: that everything he had been through in his career as Jay Gatsby had been with the only determination of satisfying the utmost idealistic dreams — to relive his past. Jay Gatsby was in numerous aspects, as the name of the novel advocated, great, but when considered from an analytical standpoint, most of his actions did not exemplify greatness or even considered commendable. Throughout the novel, Gatsby established a rags-to-riches triumph lifestyle which made him a personification of the American dream. Gatsby’s early life, as merely the son of legitimately failed sharecroppers was not good enough for him. Once he became of age, Gatsby was just as unsuccessful as his parent as a farmer, which made willingly alienated himself from his own family. Gatsby could not handle the severity of his current situation—the constant failure from his parents being poor farmers had now trickled down to him. However now alone, he had the chance to acknowledge who he was and who he wanted to be and exclusively because he had to evolve from poor James Gatz into successful and wealthy Jay Gatsby. Such a transformation required one thing, the same essential that power and success breed, and that was money without he was still James Gatz. GatsbyShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1393 Words   |  6 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald was the model of the American image in the nineteen twenties. He had wealth, fame, a beautiful wife, and an adorable daughter; all seemed perfect. Beneath the gilded faà §ade, however, was an author who struggled with domestic and physical difficulties that plagued his personal life and career throughout its short span. This author helped to launch the theme that is so prevalent in his work; the human instinct to yearn for more, into the forefront of American literature, where itRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1343 Words   |  6 PagesHonors English 10 Shugart 18 Decemeber 2014 The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald s 1925 novel The Great Gatsby is a tragic love story, a mystery, and a social commentary on American life. The Great Gatsby is about the lives of four wealthy characters observed by the narrator, Nick Carroway. Throughout the novel a mysterious man named Jay Gatsby throws immaculate parties every Saturday night in hope to impress his lost lover, Daisy Buchanan. Gatsby lives in a mansion on West Egg across from DaisyRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1155 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Gatsby The Jazz Age was an era where everything and anything seemed possible. It started with the beginning of a new age with America coming out of World War I as the most powerful nation in the world (Novel reflections on, 2007). As a result, the nation soon faced a culture-shock of material prosperity during the 1920’s. Also known as the â€Å"roaring twenties†, it was a time where life consisted of prodigality and extravagant parties. Writing based on his personal experiences, author F. ScottRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1166 Words   |  5 Pagesin the Haze F. Scott Fitzgerald lived in a time that was characterized by an unbelievable lack of substance. After the tragedy and horrors of WWI, people were focused on anything that they could that would distract from the emptiness that had swallowed them. Tangible greed tied with extreme materialism left many, by the end of this time period, disenchanted. The usage of the literary theories of both Biographical and Historical lenses provide a unique interpretation of the Great Gatsby centered aroundRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald845 Words   |  3 PagesIn F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, colors represent a variety of symbols that relate back to the American Dream. The dream of being pure, innocent and perfect is frequently associated with the reality of corruption, violence, and affairs. Gatsby’s desire for achieving the American Dream is sought for through corruption (Schneider). The American Dream in the 1920s was perceived as a desire of w ealth and social standings. Social class is represented through the East Egg, the WestRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay970 Words   |  4 Pagesrespecting and valuing Fitzgerald work in the twenty-first century? Fitzgerald had a hard time to profiting from his writing, but he was not successful after his first novel. There are three major point of this essay are: the background history of Fitzgerald life, the comparisons between Fitzgerald and the Gatsby from his number one book in America The Great Gatsby, and the Fitzgerald got influences of behind the writing and being a writer. From childhood to adulthood, Fitzgerald faced many good andRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald2099 Words   |  9 Pagesauthor to mirror his life in his book. In his previous novels F. Scott Fitzgerald drew from his life experiences. He said that his next novel, The Great Gatsby, would be different. He said, â€Å"In my new novel I’m thrown directly on purely creative work† (F. Scott Fitzgerald). He did not realize or did not want it to appear that he was taking his own story and intertwining it within his new novel. In The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, he imitates his lifestyle through the Buchanan family to demonstrateRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1607 Words   |  7 Pages The Great Gatsby is an American novel written in 1925 by F. Scott Fitzgerald. One of the themes of the book is the American Dream. The American Dream is an idea in which Americans believe through hard work they can achieve success and prosperity in the free world. In F. Scott Fitzgerald s novel, The Great Gatsby, the American Dream leads to popularity, extreme jealousy and false happiness. Jay Gatsby’s recent fortune and wealthiness helped him earn a high social position and become one of the mostRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1592 Words   |  7 PagesMcGowan English 11A, Period 4 9 January 2014 The Great Gatsby Individuals who approach life with an optimistic mindset generally have their goals established as their main priority. Driven by ambition, they are determined to fulfill their desires; without reluctance. These strong-minded individuals refuse to be influenced by negative reinforcements, and rely on hope in order to achieve their dreams. As a man of persistence, the wealthy Jay Gatsby continuously strives to reclaim the love of hisRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1646 Words   |  7 PagesThe 1920s witnessed the death of the American Dream, a message immortalized in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. Initially, the American Dream represented the outcome of American ideals, that everyone has the freedom and opportunity to achieve their dreams provided they perform honest hard work. During the 1920s, the United States experienced massive economic prosperity making the American Dream seem alive and strong. However, in Fitzgerald’s eyes, the new Am erican culture build around that

AP and Everyday Use Comparison Essay example - 1680 Words

â€Å"A P† and â€Å"Everyday Use† Analysis and Comparison In a modern society where good deeds and integrity are taken for granted, it is necessary for people to stand up for what is right. The short story â€Å"A P†, written by John Updike, tells the story of Sammy and how he takes a stand for what he believes is right, only he is not given the gratitude he deserved. â€Å"Everyday Use†, written by Alice Walker, is another short story that shows how substantial it is to stand firm for one’s convictions and beliefs, especially in familial matters. Mama, the protagonist in â€Å"Everyday Use†, must make the decision of protecting her self-conscious daughter Maggie, or giving in to Dee, her other egocentric daughter who has forgotten the traditional values†¦show more content†¦Despite his losses, Sammy gains something as well. He realizes that he should be more in control of his feelings and that he should make decisions maturely and as an adult, not as an adolescent who acts out of impulsion and disposit ions. Nonetheless, Sammy still stood up for what he believed was right at that moment, and that has caused him to mature and grow. Standing up for what is right is not an easy task, but it is necessary to protect those who can not defend themselves. â€Å"Everyday Use† is about Mama and her decision to choose sentimental values over materialism. Dee is the educated yet selfish sister of Maggie, who is self conscious and withdrawn because she had been scarred by a house fire. After a very long time, Dee returns to her home in search of materialistic goods so that she can preserve her family’s heritage by turning their culture into a commodity. Dee believes that possessing items with traditional value will allow her to understand her cultural heritage, and this symbolizes her misconception of viewing heritage as a material entity. However, Mama and Maggie clearly defines family and cultural heritage through their knowledge of everyday traditional practices, such as chur ning butter and quilting. Maggie and Dee are sisters, but they are like the two ends of a stick. Although they have been brought up in the same home and raised by the same mother, this is as far as their similaritiesShow MoreRelatedA P and Everyday Use Analysis and Comparison Essay1682 Words   |  7 PagesA P and Everyday Use Analysis and Comparison In a modern society where good deeds and integrity are taken for granted, it is necessary for people to stand up for what is right. The short story â€Å"A P†, written by John Updike, tells the story of Sammy and how he takes a stand for what he believes is right, only he is not given the gratitude he deserved. â€Å"Everyday Use†, written by Alice Walker, is another short story that shows how substantial it is to stand firm for one’s convictions and beliefsRead MoreEssay on Book Review: Daily Life in the United States, 1920-19401194 Words   |  5 Pagespeople lived their everyday lives. Kyvig goes into immense detail about how these two decades changed Americans work and family life, as well as explaining in a great extent how the technological advances impacted the Americans everyday life. All of this is acknowledged and is in place by means to support Kyvigs main thesis. Kyvig uses a couple different main approaches in applying his evidence to help support his thesis. The use of imagery is one of his main approaches. He uses authentic photographsRead MoreMeasurement Is A Significant Area Of Maths1234 Words   |  5 PagesMeasurement Essay Sam Nicholson 30114222 Measurement is a significant area in the curriculum, as it can â€Å"make or break a child’s confidence in mathematics† (Kefaloukos Bobis, 2011, p. 19). Therefore teachers play a crucial role in teaching this area of maths. Firstly, it is important to consider what skills children have with regard to measurement when they start school. This guides teachers with an appropriate level to beginRead MoreCommunication Is The Key Component Of Social Behavior1697 Words   |  7 Pagesoff, look at the difference between sex and gender: â€Å"Sex refers to the biological categories of female and male categories distinguished by genes, chromosomes, and hormones,† â€Å"Gender refers to the social categories of male and female (Helgeson, 2016, p. 3).† With that said, the differences in social behavior are due to a person’s gender, not sex. Social behavior pertains to numerous different areas, but one area in particular is communication. Communication is th e key component of social behavior becauseRead MoreThe Language Arts Program1379 Words   |  6 Pagesscores from Western Australian Verbal Fluency Test (WAVFT). Describe the possible confound(s) in this experimental design. There are two major possible confounds in this experimental design. Firstly, the social environments could be changed; the comparison from this experimental design is to compare the WAVFT scores between 1980 and previous year. During this period, the difference in the mean score could be resulted by the development of the technology, or the changed school environments. SecondlyRead MoreSpeech Is Not The Same Thing Essay768 Words   |  4 Pageshow an individual uses language to communicate. Thus, speech is dependent on what a person says, so â€Å"there’ll be individual and social variation† (p.37). In comparison, Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure developed a model to explain language as a system consisting of signs and symbols and the order in which these are placed is what â€Å"ties them together† (Agar 1994, p. 37). It has come to be known as Saussurian systems, which may seem abstract but can be found in our everyday interactions. AccordingRead More Bayesian Learning Essay examples1308 Words   |  6 PagesBayes Theorem. The theory establishes a means for calculating the probability an event will occur in the future given some evidence based upon prior occurrences of the event and the posterior probability that the evidence will predict the event. Its use in artificial intelligence has been met with success in a number of research areas and applications including the development of cognitive models and neural networks. At the same time, the theory has been criticized for being philosophically unrealisticRead MoreSocial Media And Social Networking1459 Words   |  6 Pagesthe number one social networking site with over one billion users and 864 million daily active users (Satici Uysal, 2015, p.185). The surging popularity of Facebook, which was designed to foster social interaction, is unprecedented. Conversely, in spite of its soaring popularity the prevalent adoptions of Facebook as a leisure activity has quickly become part of everyday routine, with a plethora of emerging research highlighting the negative effects of such a platform. The utilisation of socialRead MoreThe Self Assessment Test Is An Amazing Tool908 Words   |  4 PagesThe self-assessment test, is an amazing tool, to help you get a better understanding of your strengths and weaknesses (Bethel University, 2014 p. 2). I found this test to be informative and needed. After completing this test, it identified several short comings that I must focus on and improve, along with reassuring a few of my strengths . The first weakness I encountered, was the very first question, reading. My second weakness was, retaining written information. I know that I have strongRead MoreDollar General900 Words   |  4 Pagesand characteristics that lead them to respond in similar ways to a particular product offering and marketing program (p.180). Generic market strategy is based on three strategies, one of which applies dominantly more than the other two in a business. These strategies, as stated by Mullins amp; Walker, Jr. (2010), are (1) overall cost leadership, (2) differentiation, and (3) focus (p.227). These two concepts will be seen in the assessment of the Dollar General store in Imboden Arkansas. The assessment

Central Secretariat Free Essays

The Central Secretariat system in India is based on two principles: (1) The task of policy formulation needs to be separated from policy implementation. (2) Maintaining Cadre of Officers operating on the tenure system is a prerequisite to the working of the Secretariat system. The Central Secretariat is a policy making body of the government and is not, to undertake work of execution, unless necessitated by the lack of official agencies to perform certain tasks. We will write a custom essay sample on Central Secretariat or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Central Secretariat normally performs the following functions: (1)  Assisting the minister in the discharge of his policy making and parliamentary functions. 2)  Framing legislation, rules and principles of procedure. (3)  Sect oral planning and programme formulation. (4)  (a) Budgeting and control of expenditure in respect of activities of the Ministry/department. (b)  Securing administrative and financial approval to operational programme and their subsequent modifications. (c)  Supervision and control over the execution of policies and programmes by the executive departments or semi-autonomous field agencies. (d)  Imitating steps to develop greater personnel and organizational competence both in the ministry/department and its executive agencies. e)  Assisting in increasing coordination at the Central level. | Structure of Central Secretariat Structure of Central Secretariat is such that the entire system is divided into a number of secretaries, deputy secreta ries, joint secretaries and so on. The division of posts is hierarchical in nature. | | | | | | | | The Central Secretariat is a collection of various ministries and departments. But the Cabinet Secretariat, which is in reality a ministry comprising more than one department, is still known as the secretariat. A ministry is the charge allotted to ministers. This may include one or more departments depending upon administrative convenience, each under the charge of a secretary. A department on the other hand is an organizational unit consisting of a secretary to government together with a part of the central secretariat under his administrative control on which the responsibility of performing specific functions has been conferred. Thus technically, a department should be identified with a secretary`s charge and a ministry with a minister`s charge. However, this distinction is not always maintained. Thus, if a ministry has more than one department within itself, it may have more than one secretary in which case there will arise the need for making one secretary superior to other secretaries who will represent the ministry. A ministry is responsible for the formation of the government policy within its sphere of responsibility as well as for the execution of that policy. Thus in terms of internal organisation, a ministry is divided into the following segments within an officer in charge of each of them to expedite matters: Department- Secretary/Additional/Special Secretary Wing- Joint/Additional Secretary. Division- Under Secretary. Section- Section Officer The lowest of such units is the section in charge of a Section Officer and consists of a number of assistants, clerks, â€Å"Daftaries,† typists and peons. It deals with the work relating to the subject allotted to it. It is also referred to as the Office. Two sections constitute the branch which is under the charge of an under secretary, also known as the Branch Officer. Two branches ordinarily form a division which is normally headed by a deputy secretary. When the volume of work in a ministry exceeds the manageable charge of a secretary, one or more wings are established with a joint secretary in charge of each wing. At the top of the hierarchy comes the department which is headed by the secretary himself or in some cases by an additional/ special secretary. In some cases, a department may be as autonomous as a ministry and equivalent to it in rank. | | | FUNCTIONS How to cite Central Secretariat, Essay examples

I Make One Hot Lady free essay sample

First time I dressed up as a woman: Halloween. Innocent enough, I suppose. Costumes and what not, some people dressed like ogres, the traditional witch, and as always, multiple poorly imitated Frankensteins. I had made my mind up about a week prior that I was going to attend a party as either a woman or Abraham Lincoln, but definitely not both. In the end, because a [female] friend offered to dress me up in woman’s clothing with appropriate accoutrements, I swallowed my pride and donned a blouse. Thinking back, that friend might be some sort of twisted sadist. Anyways, being a woman was actually very fun- excluding the high heels. Let me put it this way; girls just have certain things that guys do not, besides the obvious anatomical differences. They have this way of talking to each other, of making intense eye contact, smiling with their eyes in addition to their mouths, and touching each other when they speak in this gentle way that makes me envious. I was fortunate enough to have the assistance of three enthusiastic girls dressing me up before the party, and they were exhibiting this unique characteristic while making me beautiful (though I dare say that they might have enjoyed picking out my shoes more than I did, but that is a different story altogether). One of them brought me a blond wig and a sheer top, which I thought showed off my shoulders well in addition to complementing my rather masculine frame. By far the most challenging part of the entire transformation was not actually learning to balance in high heels -which, by the way, were pretty darn hot- but learning how to do the â€Å"heycheckmeout† walk. Prior to that moment I had no idea of the complexity of the female walk. I mean, of course I had noticed how they walk (how could I not?), but I didn’t know that they actually have a schematic, a plan, some cognizance of the method in which to move the body so that boys drool and write love poems and get lost in sappy songs on the radio when they are driving alone. As far I could understand, the â€Å"heycheckmeout† walk can be broken down into the following steps: 1. First and foremost, smile 2. Keep the chin up, butt back, and chest out, but don’t over exaggerate or you will look like an over-eager porpoise (my first mistake) 3. Pretend like you are walking on a line. Place one foot directly in front of the other and make sure every step makes you sway a little at the hips 4. Be sure that everything is fluid. The idea is not to look like an estrogen-powered robot 5. And never, under any circumstances, scratch yourself in public (my second mistake) From what I gathered, those steps are what endow a girl’s walk with that fabled â€Å"feminine mystique†, the secret ingredient that makes bipedal females hip-notizing! (what a horrible pun) In all honesty, though, breaking down the walk into its constituent parts will not and cannot imbue any given male with the amazingly attractive and diaphanous traits that make girls, well, girls. All that nonsense is decided at conception. I also noticed as we were driving to the party that as a female I was compelled to make a great deal more eye contact with the lovely ladies I was talking to. Normally, when in so-called â€Å"man-mode,† I look at the people I talk to, but not in the same manner that I do when wearing high heels- which to say when I am acting like a woman. This sort of eye contact is altogether more appealing, I think. It seems more sincere. When we arrived at the party, I had a great deal of trouble walking up the steps to the front porch wearing three inch heels. I am pretty sure that I looked a little strange, because I kept having to regain my balance by sticking my arms out like an awkward albatross, steadying myself and then adjusting my wig so that my hair would not get into my mouth and eyes. Needless to say, I got a few stares when I came inside (not due to how amazingly good looking I appeared). To my delight, I also realized why many adolescent girls find boys who are altogether stupid and rambunctious attractive. It is the problem of the â€Å"girl cluster.† You see, when girls get together in groups, they pull together much like small numbers of Cheerios do in largely vacant bowls of milk (a feminine surface tension, if you will). Despite the best efforts of menfolk across a thousand generations, this adolescent female amoeba cannot be dispelled. Tragically, it can be distracted, but never destroyed. This is how it works: Humans are by nature social beings, young girls especially so. When one inserts a group of female friends together in a large crowded room, the friends will naturally gravitate towards each other and begin to dance. It’s quite fascinating, really. Most of the time the girl amoeba is absorbed with itself, laughing and giggling, and moving to the music, all faced inwards making a little circle. The only way that boys are noticed in such a situation is when they do something that is especially stupid, like lighting themselves on fire or dressing like a woman. It really would be advantageous to both sexes if girls would try to mingle a little more and boys would stop acting sophomoric in order to attract attention. But such actions are what make life interesting and people versatile. I have found that moving beyond my comfort zone can be disconcerting at times, but often lends itself to greater insight into others and (via the mirror like functions of all human interaction) into myself. Besides, I make one hot lady.